South Dakota paycheck guide
What South Dakota withholds from wages: nothing
South Dakota does not tax wages, salaries, interest, dividends, or capital gains, and individuals do not file a state income tax return. Employers in Sioux Falls, Rapid City, or Aberdeen withhold no state income tax, and there is no state withholding certificate to fill out. Only the federal W-4 matters.
The state's budget leans on a sales and use tax with an unusually broad base that reaches many services, plus property taxes and a bank franchise tax. So while your paycheck is untouched, you pay South Dakota through purchases and, if you own a home, property tax bills set by your county and school district.
Worked example: $75,000 in South Dakota
With nothing owed to Pierre, the IRS is the only income tax collector. Federal rules knock the $16,100 standard deduction off a $75,000 salary, and the $58,900 left over is taxed at 10% up to $12,400, 12% on the next $38,000, and 22% on the final $8,500. The federal bill is $7,670.
The 6.2% Social Security tax costs $4,650 at this salary and the 1.45% Medicare tax $1,088. All taxes together come to $13,408, and take-home pay is $61,592, about $5,133 a month or 82.1% of gross pay. The South Dakota $75,000 salary page shows each pay period.
For hourly work, a full-time job grossing $41,600 a year leaves $35,606 after federal tax and FICA, or $17.12 for each hour. The South Dakota hourly breakdown has the weekly view.
Payroll programs and local taxes
South Dakota cities and counties do not tax income either, so Sioux Falls and Rapid City paychecks look the same as those in small towns. There is also no state disability insurance, paid family leave contribution, or employee share of unemployment insurance; employers alone pay the state's reemployment assistance contributions.
That leaves federal payroll taxes as the only mandatory deductions. Social Security stops once wages reach $184,500 for the year, and an extra 0.9% Medicare tax applies to wages above $200,000. Anything else on the stub, such as health premiums or 401(k) deferrals, is a benefit you chose.
Federal withholding, border commuting, and remote work
Since the federal W-4 is the only withholding form, use it carefully. If you have two jobs or a working spouse, complete Step 2, or use the IRS withholding estimator, so federal tax is not under-withheld. Tipped and overtime workers can also enter the new federal deductions for qualified tips or overtime in Step 4(b) to reduce withholding during the year.
Living in South Dakota does not shield wages earned in another state. A Sioux Falls-area resident who works in Minnesota pays Minnesota nonresident tax on those wages, and a North Sioux City resident working in Sioux City, Iowa, owes Iowa tax. South Dakota has no income tax to credit against, so that out-of-state tax is a net cost.
Remote work runs the other way in your favor. A South Dakota resident working from home for a Minnesota employer generally owes no income tax to the employer's state for days worked in South Dakota, though a few states, such as New York, tax remote employees of in-state employers under a convenience rule.
How South Dakota compares with its neighbors
South Dakota ties for first among the 50 states and DC for take-home pay at both $75,000 and $150,000. Against its neighbors at $75,000, a single filer keeps $182 more than in North Dakota, $2,198 more than in Iowa, $2,533 more than in Nebraska, $2,877 more than in Montana, and $3,577 more than in Minnesota. Wyoming, also free of income tax, matches South Dakota exactly.
The Minnesota gap is the one that shapes behavior around Sioux Falls, where many workers choose a South Dakota address and a South Dakota job. Compare the two on Minnesota vs South Dakota.
What to expect at your income
Earning under $50,000
Below $50,000, a South Dakota paycheck loses only federal tax and FICA. A single filer earning $30,000 takes home $26,285, or 87.6% of pay, and at $50,000 keeps $42,355, or $1,629 every two weeks. With no state earned income credit, the federal EITC is the main credit to claim; it can be worth up to $664 for a worker without children and more with kids. Watch federal withholding if you work two part-time jobs.
Earning $50,000 to $150,000
From $50,000 to $150,000, South Dakota workers keep every dollar that a state tax would take elsewhere. A single filer earning $100,000 takes home $79,180, or $6,598 a month, and a married couple filing jointly on $100,000 keeps $84,710. Because there is no state tax, a traditional 401(k) saves only the 22% federal rate here, which makes a Roth 401(k) worth considering if you might retire in a state with an income tax.
Earning over $150,000
Above $150,000, the absence of state tax is worth the most in dollars. A single filer earning $150,000 takes home $113,791, and at $250,000 keeps $183,182 after 32% federal marginal tax, Social Security up to the $184,500 wage base, and the 0.9% additional Medicare tax above $200,000. Investment income is also free of state tax, which is one reason South Dakota attracts trust and wealth management business.
South Dakota paycheck tips
Get federal withholding right
The federal W-4 is your only withholding form. Use Step 2 for two-earner households or multiple jobs, since there is no state refund to cushion a federal shortfall.
Minnesota commuters: plan for nonresident tax
If you live in South Dakota and work in Minnesota, Minnesota tax is withheld on those wages and South Dakota has nothing to credit it against. Factor that into any job offer across the line.
Claim federal tip and overtime deductions on your W-4
Qualified tips up to $25,000 and overtime pay up to $12,500 for single filers can be deducted on your federal return. Report expected amounts in W-4 Step 4(b) to see the savings in each paycheck.
Budget for sales tax on services
South Dakota's sales tax applies to many services as well as goods, so the state's cost shows up in everyday spending rather than on your stub.
Common mistakes
Assuming no state tax anywhere
South Dakota's lack of income tax covers work done in South Dakota. Wages earned in Minnesota, Iowa, or another taxing state are still taxed there.
Ignoring federal underpayment
With only federal withholding, a second job or freelance income can leave a federal balance due. Add extra withholding or make quarterly estimated payments.
Moving to or from South Dakota
Moving to South Dakota
Moving to South Dakota from Minnesota raises take-home by $3,577 at $75,000, and from Iowa by $2,198, because no state income tax is withheld. You will not file a South Dakota return, but you may still owe your old state for income earned before the move. Expect sales tax on many services, and compare property tax rates by county and school district before buying.
Leaving South Dakota
Leaving South Dakota for any neighbor except Wyoming means a new state income tax: $182 at $75,000 in North Dakota, $2,533 in Nebraska, and $3,577 in Minnesota. You will start filing a state return and adding a state withholding form at your new job. If you keep investments, your new state will also tax interest, dividends, and capital gains.